| S.No. | Field / Checkpoint | Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. INPUT QUANTITIES (per 1 m² formwork — slab / beam / column) | |||
| A1 | Plywood (12-18mm) — reuse 5-7 times typical Acceptance: Cost / reuse | Per CPWD analysis | OK NC NA |
| A2 | Props + steel members — daily rate × duration Acceptance: Hire rate | Per design | OK NC NA |
| A3 | Release agent — 0.06 L/m² Acceptance: Per consumption | Per spec | OK NC NA |
| A4 | Carpenter 0.30 day + Mazdoor 0.50 day Acceptance: Productivity | Per CPWD | OK NC NA |
| A5 | Wastage of plywood 10-15% Acceptance: Computed | Per cycle | OK NC NA |
| B. RATES + COSTS | |||
| B1 | Plywood cost / m² with reuse + props + labour + sundries Acceptance: Computed | Per analysis | OK NC NA |
| B2 | Direct cost / m² + OH + Profit Acceptance: Quoted rate | Per company | OK NC NA |
Shuttering (formwork) is the temporary structure that supports fresh concrete until it gains adequate strength. Despite being temporary, formwork cost is significant — typically 8-15% of concrete cost for the structure.
For a typical RCC building, formwork is paid by m² of contact-surface area (the surface area touching concrete). The Rate Analysis builds up the per-m² rate from: timber / steel material costs, plywood costs, accessories (couplers, supports, props, scaffolding), labour for erection + dismantling, depreciation / hire-rate of reusable formwork.
Materials (assume 6-cycle reuse for plywood; 20-cycle for steel): - 12 mm marine plywood per cycle: ₹600-800/sheet covering 3 m²; ₹200-270/m² → per cycle ₹33-45/m² - Steel angle / channel framing: ₹15-25/m² per cycle (with 20-cycle reuse) - Props + couplers + spacers: ₹10-20/m² per cycle - Mould oil + release agent: ₹3-5/m² - Materials sub-total: ₹60-95/m² for 10 m²
Labour: - Carpenter: 0.4-0.6 day @ ₹650-900/day = ₹260-540 - Helper: 0.4-0.6 day @ ₹450-650/day = ₹180-390 - Labour sub-total: ₹440-930 per 10 m²
Other: - Scaffolding for high-rise formwork: ₹50-150/10 m² - Wastage (10-15% for plywood; less for steel): ₹15-25 - Overhead + profit (20-25%): ₹150-250
Total: ₹665-1,290 per 10 m² → ₹66-129 per m²
Steel + frame formwork systems (Doka, Peri, etc.) are higher upfront cost but more reuses; total cost over project lifespan can be lower. Steel framework: ₹100-250/m² depending on system + reuses; plywood-on-wood: ₹50-150/m².
Type 1 — Conventional wood + plywood: - Lowest material cost - Highest labour cost (more dismantling time) - 5-8 reuse cycles for plywood - Suitable for one-off / small projects
Type 2 — Steel frame + plywood face: - Higher upfront but 15-25 reuse cycles - Steel-frame standardized; faster erection - Common Indian mid-size choice (e.g., Acrow)
Type 3 — Aluminium modular formwork (Mivan, Doka, Peri): - Highest upfront cost (₹100-300/m² for system) - 200+ reuse cycles - Fastest erection (column / slab in single day) - Suitable for high-rise repetitive projects (multi-storey residential) - Smooth finish (less plaster needed)
Type 4 — Plastic / GFRP modular: - Niche; for specific applications (curved walls, water-retaining structures) - 50-100 reuse cycles - Lighter than aluminium
Selection by project type: - One-off residential: Type 1 - Mid-size commercial: Type 2 - High-rise repetitive: Type 3 - Specialty surfaces: Type 4 or custom
Companion formats: - Formwork Removal Schedule (FMT-SIT-024) — stripping timeline - Rate Analysis Plaster Internal (FMT-EST-004) - Rate Analysis Brickwork (FMT-EST-003) - Labour Productivity (FMT-EST-007) - Daily Concrete Pour Register (FMT-SIT-015)
Codes: - IS 456:2000 — Plain and Reinforced Concrete (Clause 11 — Formwork) - IS 14687:1999 — Falsework for Concrete Structures — Guidelines - IS 4990:2011 — Plywood for Concrete Shuttering Work — Specification - CPWD Specifications 2019 — Volume on Formwork